

      Physical and Chemical Properties from
      Selected Expeditions in the Arctic Ocean


    Oceanographic Station Data (SD2)

This file format is used for physical-chemical oceanographic data
recorded at discrete depth levels. Most of the observations were made
using multi-bottle Nansen casts or other types of water samplers. A
small amount (about 5%) were obtained using electronic CTD
(conductivity-temperature-depth) or STD (salinity-temperature-depth)
recorders. The CTD/STD data were reported to NODC at depth levels
equivalent to Nansen cast data, however, and have been processed and
stored the same as the Nansen data. Cruise information, position, date
and time are reported for each station. Each station contains the
measurements taken at observed depth levels, but also includes data
values interpolated to a set of standard depth levels.

*File Structure:*

Variable-length records: each observation comprises 160 characters of
master (header) information plus 80 characters for each depth level
(observed or standard) up to a maximum of 4,160 characters (Master
Information plus 50 depth levels) per physical record; a continuation
indicator is used to denote observations with more than 50 depth levels
that are recorded more than one physical record.

*File Format:*

Oceanographic Station Data (SD2)

PARAMETER               DESCRIPTION                                    START   FIELD
                                                                       COLUMN  LENGTH
MASTER RECORD 1
 CONTINUATION INDICATOR ONE-DIGIT CODE - INDICATES IF STATION           1      1
                        RECORDED ON MULTIPLE PHYSICAL RECORDS 
                        (0 = ONLY ONE RECORD FOR STATION; 1 = FIRST
                        RECORD OF STATION; 9 = LAST RECORD OF STATION;
                        2-8 = INTERMEDIATE RECORDS)
 BLANK                  ONE BLANK                                       2      1
 NODC REFERENCE NUMBER-
  COUNTRY               TWO-CHARACTER NODC COUNTRY CODE                 3      2
  FILE CODE             ALWAYS '5'                                      5      1
  CRUISE                XXXX - NODC CRUISE NUMBER                       6      4
 CONSEC                 XXXX - NODC CONSECUTIVE STATION NUMBER         10      4
 DATA TYPE              TWO-DIGIT CODE - (19 = NANSEN CAST, 22 =       14      2
                        NODC SELECTED DEPTHS FROM CTD/STD, 62 = 
                        ORIGINATOR SELECTED DEPTHS FROM CTD/STD)
 BLANK                  TWO BLANKS                                     16      2
 TEN-DEGREE SQUARE      FOUR-DIGIT CODE - WMO TEN-DEGREE SQUARE NUMBER 18      4
 ONE-DEGREE SQUARE      TWO-DIGIT CODE - WMO ONE-DEGREE SQUARE NUMBER  22      2
 TWO-DEGREE SQUARE      TWO-DIGIT CODE - WMO TWO-DEGREE SQUARE NUMBER  24      2
 FIVE-DEGREE SQUARE     ONE-DIGIT CODE - WMO FIVE-DEGREE SQUARE NUMBER 26      1
 LATITUDE HEMISPHERE    ONE-CHARACTER CODE - 'N' OR 'S'                27      1
 LATITUDE               DDMMX (DEGREES, MINUTES TO TENTHS)             28      5
 LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE   ONE-CHARACTER CODE - 'E' OR 'W'                33      1
 LONGITUDE              DDDMMX (DEGREES, MINUTES TO TENTHS)            34      6
 QUARTER OF ONE-DEGREE  ONE-DIGIT CODE - WMO 'QUARTER DEGREE' SQUARE   40      1
  SQUARE                NUMBER (= 1, 2, 3, OR 4; 9 = NOT RECORDED)
 DATE (GMT)             YYMMDD - YEAR, MONTH, DAY                      41      6
 TIME (GMT)             XXX (HOURS TO TENTHS)                          47      3
 PLATFORM               TWO-CHARACTER NODC PLATFORM CODE               50      2
 BLANK                  FOUR BLANKS                                    52      4
 BOTTOM DEPTH           XXXXX (WHOLE METERS)                           56      5
 EFFECTIVE DEPTH        XXXX - DEPTH OF DEEPEST COMPUTED SOUND SPEED,  61      4
                        I.E., DEEPEST OBSERVED DEPTH AT WHICH BOTH
                        TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY ARE REPORTED WITH NO
                        QUALITY FLAGS (WHOLE METERS)
 CAST DURATION          XXX - TOTAL ELAPSED TIME FOR CTD/STD CAST      65      3
                        (HOURS TO TENTHS)
 CAST DIRECTION         ONE-CHARACTER CODE - (U = UP, D = DOWN,        68      1
                        A = AVERAGE OF UP AND DOWN CASTS, OR BLANK)
 SALINITY METHOD        ONE-CHARACTER CODE - ('P' = PRACTICAL SALIN-   69      1
                        ITY, 'S' = SALINITY, BLANK = NOT SPECIFIED)
 DATA USE CODE          ONE-DIGIT CODE - NODC INTERNAL USE ONLY        70      1
 MINIMUM DEPTH          ONE-DIGIT CODE - FIRST OBSERVED DEPTH WITH     71      4
                        VALID DEPTH, TEMPERATURE, AND SALINITY (WHOLE METERS)
 MAXIMUM DEPTH          XXXX - DEEPEST OBSERVED DEPTH WITH ANY VALID   75      4 
                        PARAMETER (WHOLE METERS)
 NEXT RECORD TYPE       ALWAYS '2'                                     79      1
 PRESENT RECORD TYPE    ALWAYS '1'                                     80      1 
 
MASTER RECORD 2
 DEPTH DIFFERENCE       XXXX - BOTTOM DEPTH MINUS MAXIMUM DEPTH         1      4
                        (WHOLE METERS) 
 SAMPLE INTERVAL        XX - VERTICAL SAMPLE SPACING (EFFECTIVE DEPTH   5      2
                        DIVIDED BY NUMBER OF VALID OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS,
                        TO NEAREST TENS OF METERS, E.G., 01 = 10 METERS) 
 PERCENT SALINITY       ONE-CHARACTER CODE - INDICATES PERCENT OF       7      1
  OBSERVED              OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS AT WHICH SALINITY REPORTED
                        (0 = 1 TO 9 PERCENT, ... , 9 = 90 TO 99 PERCENT,
                         - = PARAMETER NOT RECORDED)
 PERCENT OXYGEN         ONE-CHARACTER CODE - INDICATES PERCENT OF       8      1
  OBSERVED              OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS AT WHICH DISSOLVED OXYGEN 
                        REPORTED
 PERCENT PHOSPHATE      ONE-CHARACTER CODE - INDICATES PERCENT OF       9      1
  OBSERVED              OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS AT WHICH PHOSPHATE REPORTED
 PERCENT TOTAL          ONE-CHARACTER CODE - INDICATES PERCENT OF      10      1
   PHOSPHORUS OBSERVED  OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS AT WHICH TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
                         REPORTED
 PERCENT SILICATE       ONE-CHARACTER CODE - INDICATES PERCENT OF      11      1 
  OBSERVED              OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS AT WHICH SILICATE REPORTED
 PERCENT NITRITE        ONE-CHARACTER CODE - INDICATES PERCENT OF      12      1 
  OBSERVED              OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS AT WHICH NITRITE REPORTED
 PERCENT NITRATE        ONE-CHARACTER CODE - INDICATES PERCENT OF      13      1 
  OBSERVED              OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS AT WHICH NITRATE REPORTED
 PERCENT PH OBSERVED    ONE-CHARACTER CODE - INDICATES PERCENT OF      14      1 
                        OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS AT WHICH PH REPORTED
 ORIGINATOR'S CRUISE ID THREE CHARACTERS - ORIGINATOR'S CRUISE         15      3
                        IDENTIFIER
 ORIGINATOR'S STATION ID NINE CHARACTERS - ORIGINATOR'S STATION        18      9
                        IDENTIFIER
 WATER COLOR            TWO-DIGIT CODE - FOREL-ULE SCALE (00-21)       27      2
 WATER TRANSPARENCY     XX - SECCHI DISK DEPTH (WHOLE METERS)          29      2
 WAVE DIRECTION         TWO-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0110 (WMO 0885) 31      2
 WAVE HEIGHT            ONE-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0104 (WMO 1555) 33      1
                        (BLANK IF SEA STATE PRESENT)
 SEA STATE              ONE-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0109 (WMO 3700) 34      1
                        (BLANK IF WAVE HEIGHT PRESENT)
 WIND FORCE             TWO-DIGIT CODE - BEAUFORT SCALE - USE NODC     35      2
                        CODE 0052 (BLANK IF WIND SPEED PRESENT)
 FILE UPDATE CODE       ONE-DIGIT CODE - NODC INTERNAL USE ONLY        37      1
 WAVE PERIOD            ONE-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0378 (WMO 3155) 38      1
                        (BLANK IF SEA STATE PRESENT)
 WIND DIRECTION         TWO-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0110 (WMO 0877) 39      2
 WIND SPEED             XX - (KNOTS; BLANK IF WIND FORCE PRESENT)      41      2
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE    XXXXX (MILLIBARS TO TENTHS)                    43      5
 DRY BULB TEMPERATURE   XXXX (DEG C IN WHOLE DEGREES OR TO TENTHS;     48      4
                        NEGATIVE VALUE PRECEDED BY MINUS SIGN)
 DRY BULB TEMPERATURE   ONE-DIGIT CODE - (0 = WHOLE DEGREES, 1=TENTHS  52      1
   PRECISION            OF DEGREE, 9 = BLANK)
 WET BULB TEMPERATURE   XXXX (DEG C IN WHOLE DEGREES OR TO TENTHS;     53      4
                        NEGATIVE VALUE PRECEDED BY MINUS SIGN)
 WET BULB TEMPERATURE   ONE-DIGIT CODE - (0 = WHOLE DEGREES, 1=TENTHS  57      1
   PRECISION            OF DEGREE, 9 = BLANK)
 WEATHER                ONE- OR TWO-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0108    58      2
                        (WMO 4501) OR NODC CODE 0159 (WMO 4677)
 CLOUD TYPE             ONE-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0053 (WMO 0500) 60      1
 CLOUD AMOUNT           ONE-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0105 (WMO 2700) 61      1
 COUNT OF OBSERVED      XXX - NUMBER OF OBSERVED DEPTH LEVELS          62      3
  DEPTHS
 COUNT OF STANDARD      XX - NUMBER OF STANDARD DEPTH LEVELS           65      2
  DEPTHS                (MAXIMUM = 34)
 COUNT OF DETAIL DEPTHS XXX - NUMBER OF DETAIL DEPTHS (TOTAL OF        67      3
                        OBSERVED DEPTHS PLUS STANDARD DEPTHS)
 BLANK                  NINE BLANKS                                    70      9
 NEXT RECORD INDICATOR  EITHER '3', '4', '6', OR '7'                   79      1
 PRESENT RECORD         ALWAYS '2'                                     80      1 
  INDICATOR
 
OBSERVED DEPTH DETAIL RECORD    
 OBSERVED DEPTH         XXXXX (WHOLE METERS)                            1      5
 DEPTH QUALITY          ONE-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0608             6      1
  INDICATOR
 THERMOMETRIC DEPTH     ONE-CHARACTER CODE - 'T' INDICATES DEPTH IS     7      1
  FLAG                  THERMOMETRICALLY DETERMINED
 TEMPERATURE            XXXXX (DEG C; NEGATIVE VALUE PRECEDED BY MINUS  8      5
                        SIGN)
 TEMPERATURE PRECISION  ONE-DIGIT CODE - (1, 2, 3 = NUMBER OF DIGITS   13      1
                        RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT; 9 = BLANK)
 TEMPERATURE QUALITY    ONE-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0608            14      1
  INDICATOR
 SALINITY               XXXXX (PARTS PER THOUSAND OR PRACTICAL         15      5
                               SALINITY UNITS)
 SALINITY PRECISION     ONE-DIGIT CODE - (1, 2, 3 = NUMBER OF DIGITS   20      1
                        RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT; 9 = BLANK)
 SALINITY QUALITY       ONE-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0608            21      1 
  INDICATOR
 SIGMA-T                XXXX (DIMENSIONLESS TO HUNDREDTHS)             22      4
 SIGMA-T QUALITY        ONE-DIGIT CODE - ( 8 = SIGMA-T QUESTIONABLE;   26      1
  INDICATOR             9 = BLANK)
 SOUND SPEED            XXXXX (METERS/SECOND TO TENTHS)                27      5
 SOUND SPEED            ONE-DIGIT CODE - (1 = NUMBER OF DIGITS RIGHT   32      1
  PRECISION             OF DECIMAL POINT; 9 = BLANK)
 OXYGEN                 XXXX (MILLILITERS/LITER)                       33      4
 OXYGEN PRECISION       ONE-DIGIT CODE - (1, 2 = NUMBER OF DIGITS      37      1
                        RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT; 9 = BLANK)
 OXYGEN QUALITY         ONE-DIGIT CODE - USE NODC CODE 0608            38      1
  INDICATOR
 DATA RANGE CHECK FLAGS ONE-DIGIT CODE - FOR FOLLOWING SIX CONDITIONS
                         0 = DATA IN RANGE
                         1 = DATA OUT OF RANGE
                         PHOSPHATE > 4.00                              39      1
                         TOTAL PHOSPHORUS < PHOSPHATE                  40      1
                         SILICATE > 300.00                             41      1
                         NITRITE > 4.0                                 42      1
                         NITRATE > 45.0                                43      1
                         PH < 7.40 OR > 8.50                           44      1
 CAST START TIME OR      XXX (HOURS TO TENTHS)                         45      3
  MESSENGER RELEASE TIME
 CAST NUMBER             X (BLANK, OR 1-9)                             48      1
 INORGANIC PHOSPHATE     XXXX (MICROGRAM-ATOMS/LITER)                  49      4
 INORGANIC PHOSPHATE     ONE-DIGIT CODE - (0, 1, 2 = NUMBER OF DIGITS  53      1
  PRECISION              RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT; 4 = TRACE, VALUE < 0.01;
                         5 = EXCEEDS, VALUE > 99.99; 9 = BLANK)
 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS        XXXX (MICROGRAM-ATOMS/LITER)                  54      4
 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS        ONE-DIGIT CODE - (0,1,2 = NUMBER OF DIGITS    58      1
  PRECISION              RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT; 4 = TRACE, VALUE < 0.01;
                         5 = EXCEEDS, VALUE > 99.99; 9 = BLANK)
 SILICATE                XXXX (MICROGRAM-ATOMS/LITER)                  59      4
 SILICATE PRECISION      ONE-DIGIT CODE - (0,1 = NUMBER OF DIGITS      63      1
                         RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT; 4 = TRACE, VALUE < 0.1; 
                         5 = EXCEEDS, VALUE > 999.9; 9 = BLANK)
 NITRITE                 XXX (MICROGRAM-ATOMS/LITER)                   64      3
 NITRITE PRECISION       ONE-DIGIT CODE - (0, 1, 2 = NUMBER OF DIGITS  67      1
                         RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT; 4 = TRACE, VALUE < 0.01;
                         5 = EXCEEDS, VALUE > 9.99; 9 = BLANK)
 NITRATE                 XXX (MICROGRAM-ATOMS/LITER)                   68      3
 NITRATE PRECISION       ONE-DIGIT CODE - (0, 1 = NUMBER OF DIGITS     71      1
                         RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT; 4 = TRACE, VALUE < 0.1;
                         5 = EXCEEDS, VALUE > 99.9; 9 = BLANK)
 PH                      XXX (DIMENSIONLESS TO HUNDREDTHS)             72      3
 PH PRECISION            ONE-DIGIT CODE - (0, 1, 2 = NUMBER OF DIGITS  75      1
                         RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT; 4 = TRACE, VALUE < 0.01;
                         5 = EXCEEDS; VALUE > 9.99; 9 = BLANK
 BLANK                   TWO BLANKS                                    76      2
 DENSITY INVERSION FLAG  ONE-DIGIT CODE - (1=SIGMA-T DECREASE GREATER  78      1
                         THAN 0.02; OTHERWISE = 0)
 NEXT RECORD TYPE        EITHER '1', '3', '4', '6', OR '7'             79      1
 PRESENT RECORD TYPE     '3' OR '4' (3=OBSERVED DEPTH DATA FROM FIELD  80      1
                         MEASUREMENTS; 4 = INTERPOLATED VALUES USED AS
                         OBSERVED VALUES FOR COMPUTATIONAL PURPOSES WHEN 
                         ORIGINAL OBSERVED VALUES MISSING)

STANDARD DEPTH DETAIL RECORD                  
 DEPTH                   XXXXX (WHOLE METERS)                           1      5
 BLANK                   TWO BLANKS                                     6      2
 TEMPERATURE             XXXX (DEG C)                                   8      4
 BLANK                   ONE BLANK                                     12      1
 TEMPERATURE PRECISION   ONE-DIGIT CODE - (2=NUMBER OF DIGITS RIGHT    13      1
                         OF DECIMAL POINT; 9 = BLANK)
 BLANK                   ONE BLANK                                     14      1
 SALINITY                XXXX (PARTS PER THOUSAND OR PRACTICAL         15      4
                               SALINITY UNITS)
 BLANK                   ONE BLANK                                     19      1
 SALINITY PRECISION      ONE-DIGIT CODE - (2 = NUMBER OF DIGITS RIGHT  20      1
                         OF DECIMAL POINT; 9 = BLANK)
 BLANK                   ONE BLANK                                     21      1
 SIGMA-T                 XXXX (DIMENSIONLESS TO HUNDREDTHS)            22      4
 SIGMA-T INDICATOR       ONE-DIGIT CODE - ( 9 = BLANK)                 26      1
 SOUND SPEED             XXXXX (METERS/SECOND)                         27      5
 SOUND SPEED PRECISION   ONE-DIGIT CODE - (1 = NUMBER OF DIGITS RIGHT  32      1
                         OF DECIMAL POINT; 9 = BLANK)
 OXYGEN                  XXXX (MILLILITERS/LITER)                      33      4
 OXYGEN PRECISION        ONE-DIGIT CODE - (2 = NUMBER OF DIGITS RIGHT  37      1
                         OF DECIMAL POINT; 9 = BLANK)
 BLANK                   ONE BLANK                                     38      1
 DYNAMIC DEPTH ANOMALY   XXXXX (DYNAMIC METERS)                        39      5
 DYNAMIC DEPTH ANOMALY   ONE-DIGIT CODE -- (3=NUMBER OF DIGITS RIGHT   44      1
  PRECISION              OF DECIMAL POINT; 9 = BLANK)
 BLANK                   THIRTY-THREE BLANKS                           45     33
 DENSITY INVERSION FLAG  ONE-DIGIT CODE - (1=SIGMA-T DECREASE GREATER  78      1
                         THAN 0.02; OTHERWISE = 0)
 NEXT RECORD TYPE        EITHER '3', '4', '6', OR '7'                  79      1
 PRESENT RECORD TYPE     '6' OR '7' (6 = DATA INTERPOLATED BY NODC     80      1
                         TO NODC STANDARD DEPTH; 7 = DATA INTERPOLATED BY
                         ORIGINATOR TO NODC OR OTHER STANDARD DEPTH)


NODC Code Tables Used with this Format -

 CODE      CODE 
 NUMBER    NAME
-------    ---- 
 0052      WIND FORCE (BEAUFORT)
 0053      CLOUD TYPE (WMO 0500)
 0104      WAVE HEIGHT (WMO 1555)
 0105      CLOUD AMOUNT (WMO 2700)
 0108      WEATHER (WMO 4501)
 0109      SEA STATE (WMO 3700)
 0110      WIND-WAVE DIRECTION (WMO 0885 OR 0877)
 0159      WEATHER (WMO 4677)
 0378      WAVE PERIOD (WMO 3155)
 0608      QUALITY INDICATOR
  - -      NODC COUNTRY CODE
  - -      NODC PLATFORM (SHIP) CODE

Code types <code_types_sd2.html> used with the SD2 NODC file format.

